Wordlwide Wine Appelation

Italy

Denominazione di origine controllata is an Italian label for the quality certification of food products, especially wine. It is inspired by the French AOC. It was established in 1963 and substantially amended in 1992, in compliance with the legislation of the European Protected Designation of Origin which entered into force that year. There are three levels of classification:

DOC – Denominazione di Origine Controllata
DOCG – Denominazione di Origine Controllata and Garantita
DO – Denominazione di Origine

All three require that the food is produced in a particular region, using methods that conform to certain standards. DOCG regions are subdivisions of DOC regions that produce products to meet quality levels even higher than similar products in the region neighboring DOC.

Identification of DOCG was created because many in the Italian food industry realized that the DOC designation that was assigned was excessively permissive.

A significant difference is that wines labelled as DOCG are analyzed and tested by representatives from the state before bottling. To prevent further manipulation, the DOCG wine bottles are sealed with a numbered label state. In addition to the PSR, in Italy there are still categories of Typical Geographical Indication (regional wine) and Vino da Tavola (table wine).

Spain

Designation of Origin is the system of classification of Spanish food, with a particular focus on wines. It is inspired by the Appellations d’Origine Controlee, 1935 and the French and Italian system in 1963, despite the classification of wines from Rioja (1925) and Sherry (1933) prior to the creation of the system.

Despite the importance of wine in Spanish culture, only in the seventeenth century, when the Legislature began to be interested in issues such as public health, public policy and economic regulation, were specific laws made on wine, first prohibiting and ultimately, regulating its production, marketing and consumption.

Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries decrees published copies, but during the 1920s efforts have been made for setting up a general classification in line of the French system of AOC.

In 1970, Ley del Vino y de los Alcoholes replaced the Statute, but it was only in March 1996 that Spain adopted a system consistent with European legislation. In 2007, Spain had 134 recognized wine regions. The hierarchy of the Spanish names of wines is as follows:

DO de Pago – Designation of Pay: Thursdays individual international reputation.
DOCa / DOQ – Designation of Origin Calificada (Qualified Denominacio d’Origen in Catalan): Wine Regions of high quality.

DO – Designation of Origin: brings together the vast majority of the wine quality.
VCPRD – Vino de calidad producido en Region Determined: regulation less restrictive with specific geographical origin.

Without the status of quality wines are still the Vinos de la Tierra (local wine) and Vino de Mesa (table wine).

Portugal

Portugal was the second country worldwide to create a protected wine region with the Douro Region, established in 1756 by the Marquis of Pombal to ensure the quality of Port. After accession to the European Union in 1986, Portugal adopted a similar system to follow the French, Italian and Spanish, which replaced the previous mark regions.

The Denomination of Controlled Origin (DOC) is the system of protected designations of the origin used for wines, cheeses, butters and Portuguese agricultural products. Besides protecting the designation of origin, the DOC also seeks to ensure the quality level of wines associated with a given region, including establishing the authorized and recommended varieties, winemaking methods, minimum alcohol content, the yields per hectare and the period aging in bottle or in oak casks.

To ensure compliance with established rules, producers must submit samples of their wines to wine regional commissions. The PSR (Quality Wine Produced in Determined Region)

Portuguese are:

DOC – Controlled Denomination of Origin: wines whose production is traditionally linked to a region geographically defined and subject to a set of rules enshrined in legislation.

IPR – Indication of Regulated Provenance: wine, while enjoying special characteristics, to comply with all rules established for the production of high quality wines for a minimum period of five years in order to then pass the classification of OCD.
Besides these, there are the:

Table Wine – Wines that do not fit the descriptions above, the combination of grapes, wine or other characteristics that are considered as table wines.

Regional Wine – Classification given to wines with an indication of the source region. These wines are produced in the region made with a minimum of 85% of grapes from the same region of authorized vine (Decree-Law no. 309/91 of 17 August).

South Africa

Wine of Origin (WO) is the designation of the appellation of origin wines from South Africa. The vineyard was first planted in South Africa in 1659 and production has been concentrated around Cape Town, with clusters of vineyards and production facilities in Paarl, Stellenbosch and Worcester. The WO system was created in 1973.

At present there are in South Africa three Geographical Units, divided into Regions, which in turn are subdivided into Districts and in these Wards. A ward – there are currently about 60 – it is an area with a soil type and / or own climate. A district can contain several terroirs, as opposed to a ward.

This explains why Cape Point, with only one wine producer, is a district and not a ward. WO wines are produced entirely with grapes from the respective region. The wines of “Single vineyard” are produced from an area of up to 5 hectares.

“Estate Wine” can come from farms adjacent, but it is simultaneously vintage and the wine produced on site. Varietal WO wines must contain a minimum of 85% of that range (up from 75% in 2006). About 75 varieties are currently approved for WO wines.

Australia
Areas used to indicate the origin of Australian wines

Geographical Indication (GI) is the official designation of areas, wine regions and subregions of Australia. They were created to protect the use of regional names in the light of international law.

The GI is a system identical to the name of European origin, but it is less restrictive in terms of wine-making practices. In fact, the only restriction is that a wine bearing given a GI must have entered their compositions of at least 85% of grapes from that region.

The first attempts to plant vines in Australia date back to 1788, but without success. The GI system was created in 1993 to enable Australia to meet the EU requirements in terms of the trade of wines and protection of intellectual property.