French Winemaking

Types

Wines are classified in general according to several factors:
The origin (or local): ranging from a country (eg France) to a specific soil (eg Bordeaux, Burgundy, etc); The main grape variety (or type genetically identified grape): ex. Merlot or Chardonnay;

The brand may be a simple mark (eg Baron Lestac), named after winemaker (eg Louis Latour) or Mr. Eric La Roche Rigodiere St-Julien-sous –Montmelas;  Color: white, red, pink in general. The vintage (or vintage grapes). Container size: the standard is 75 cl.

Vine

The most famous are red: Cabernet Sauvignon; Cabernet Franc; Merlot; Grenache; Syrah; Mourvedre; Carignan; Pinot Noir; Gamay; Zinfandel; TOC (also known as Malbec); Tempranillo; Sangiovese; Pinotage; Alice and the aramon.
Among whites the most famous are: Chardonnay; Sauvignon Blanc; bully; Gewurztraminer; Chenin; Muscat; Pinot Gris; Riesling; Semillon; Roussanne; Marsanne; Viognier; Vermentino; maccabeu; Clairette; Bourboulenc the savagnin and Grenache Blanc.

Clusters of black grapes
Types of wines
According to the dress: 
white wine
red wine
rose wine
vin gris.

According to the natural sugar content (wines):
dry wine (less than 2g of sugar per liter of wine);
semi-dry wine (between 2g and 30g of sugar per liter of wine);
sweet wine (between 30g and 50g of sugar per liter of wine);
dessert wine (more than 50g of sugar per liter of wine);
According to the sugar content of the liquor shipment (sparkling wines):
crude nature: no dosage added;
extra-gross to 6g of sugar per liter;
Gross: up to 15g of sugar per liter;
Extra-dry: from 12g to 20g of sugar per liter;
Dry: from 17g to 35g of sugar per liter;
demi-sec: from 33g to 50g of sugar per liter;
Sweet: more than 50g of sugar per liter.

Under the pressure of dissolved gas saturation:
still wine not bubbles at 20° the amount of carbon dioxide is less than one gram per liter of wine (most wines are wines);
Sparkling wines: bubbles;
Wine beading: over one gram of carbon dioxide per liter of wine, bubbles are formed at 20 ° at the opening of the bottle);
Sparkling wine: bottle closed and 20 ° carbon dioxide dissolved sudden overpressure of 1 to 2.5 bar);
sparkling wine bottle closed and 20 ° carbon dioxide dissolved undergoes a pressure above 3 bar, champagne and sparkling wines are sparkling wines).

According to aging:
primeur wine;
wine storage.
According to other criteria:
flavored wine;
organic wine;
wine without sulfur;
sweet wine, wine mutated;

Icewine;
yellow wine;
straw wine;
wine, mountain;
wine without alcohol
Wine single variety;
wine brand.
The Chinese yellow wine, palm wine and fortified wine have wine in name only. These are not real wines because they are not produced from the fermentation of grape must.
Currant wine;